Anthropic's threat report documents Claude AI misuse from December 2025 to August 2026, revealing espionage operations, surveillance systems, weapons development for missiles and drones, and large-scale data extraction by Chinese AI labs including Alibaba and DeepSeek. Russian-speaking actors deployed self-rewriting malware targeting over 20 organizations across government, intelligence, and defense sectors, while biological research exposed limitations in safety filters distinguishing legitimate from harmful uses.