A federal appellate judge in Seattle ruled that automakers Honda, Toyota, Volkswagen, and General Motors did not violate Washington state privacy laws by using vehicle infotainment systems to record and intercept owners' text messages and call logs. The court determined the practice does not meet the state's legal threshold for privacy violations, dismissing class action lawsuits that had alleged the companies' systems, powered by Berla Corporation technology, collected mobile phone data without owner consent.