This article explains Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, the process by which a ruling class's worldview becomes treated as common sense and natural reality rather than ideology. Through language, institutions, and cultural practices, dominant groups maintain power by shaping what society considers reasonable and self-evident, operating through consent rather than force. Gramsci developed this theory while imprisoned by Mussolini, analyzing how fascism succeeded in Italy where post-WWI revolutionary movements failed.
Researchers developed Tiny Aya L2-Thinker, a 3.35B multilingual reasoning model that reasons in the user's language rather than defaulting to English, achieving over 93% L2 reasoning rate across 60 languages on six benchmarks. The work demonstrates that reasoning capabilities can be transferred across typologically diverse languages through optimized data composition and scheduling in supervised fine-tuning, without requiring reasoning supervision in each target language.