In April 1542, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese sent an enciphered letter to Giovanni Poggio, the papal nuncio at Emperor Charles V's court, regarding peace negotiations between the Emperor and France. The letter uses a digit-based cipher with a key connected to Giovanni Ricci da Montepulciano and remains largely unsolved despite being published as a puzzle online in 2019.
Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 DNS resolver now validates post-quantum DNSSEC signatures using ML-DSA-44, a NIST-standardized algorithm, to prepare DNS infrastructure for potential threats from future quantum computers. The implementation addresses challenges of larger signature sizes (2,420 bytes) and the need to maintain backward compatibility with older resolvers during the transition to post-quantum cryptography.
Vlad Tenev argues that AI will enable mathematical proofs of code correctness, making cybersecurity defense-favoring despite AI-driven hacking threats. He contends that formal security definitions, though complex, represent a smaller attack surface than implementations and can be additively combined, making them tractable for verification with better tooling.