Russia's Roscosmos has been developing a crewed spacecraft for nearly two decades through multiple name iterations (PPTS, PTK NP, Federatsiya, Orel), originally planned as a collaboration with the European Space Agency that never materialized. After years of renderings and conceptual work with little tangible hardware progress, the project's current leadership under CEO Dmitry Bakanov has reverted to the older PTK NP designation, moving away from the 'Eagle' name favored by previous management.
Russia's Roscosmos has been developing a next-generation crewed spacecraft for nearly two decades through various iterations and name changes, from initial collaboration discussions with Europe to its current designation as PTK NP. After two decades of concept work and renderings, the project has seen limited actual hardware development, with recent leadership changes under CEO Dmitry Bakanov shifting away from the previous "Eagle" branding.
New research suggests microscopic life could survive in Saturn's moon Enceladus, which has a subsurface ocean with hydrothermal activity and organic compounds. Scientists found that water plumes ejected from the ocean freeze slowly and organize compounds into separate ice particles, making it easier to analyze for biosignatures. Upcoming spacecraft missions may soon collect samples to determine if life exists there.