In October 2014, the White House paused funding for gain-of-function research on influenza, SARS, and MERS viruses to assess risks and benefits. The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity tasked Gryphon Scientific with conducting comprehensive risk and benefit assessments covering biosafety, laboratory security, information misuse, and research benefits.
A Flinders University study of 22 toilet aerosol research papers found that flushing releases pathogen-containing particles into the breathing zone that remain suspended for at least 20 seconds, with closing the lid offering limited protection. Higher water volumes and turbulent flushing increase aerosol release, posing infection risks especially for immunocompromised individuals in hospitals and aged care facilities.