Architecture Deep Dive: Startup Time & Import Optimization
Here's where I started about 4s of cold start for both utility functions and main vex program - just disgusting speed for a cutting-edge agentic runtime.
The difference between main app and utility functions
All utility functions are a shortcuts that usually avoid main program functionality, for example
- --help- just show help message
- --ls- list session, touch only sqlite database
Obviously such functions should work almost immediately. How to speed up utility functionality in this case ? Just bypass main program initialization:
# Main CLI start point
async def run_agent(args):
# ...
# Short circuits for utility functions
if args.init:
init_workspace(console=console)
return
if args.list_sessions:
await list_sessions(settings,console)
return
# Start agent, heavy lift imports
from vex_shell.engine import core
from vex_shell.engine.agent import Agent
tools,mcp_manager = await core.get_tools(settings)
graph = core.build_graph(settings, tools)
agent = await Agent.create(graph, args.session, settings, mcp_manager)All heavy imports occur after utility args checking(from vex_shell.engine import core etc).
Main App Startup Optimization
Okay let's consider that we have blazingly fast utility functions, but what about main app startup ?
Using some extremely useful tools, like tuna and -X importtime. I have investigated which modules slow down startup. Tuna generated visual map showing the exact time required for module imports.
Based on this map, I found several bottlenecks in the codebase.
Type Annotation-Only Imports
During development, module-level imports are often added purely for type annotations:
from vex_shell.utils.config import SettingsEven if Settings is used for type hints only, the entire config module, will still be loaded.
To prevent this unexpected behavior, we can use the following pattern:
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from vex_shell.engine.agent import Agent
from rich.console import Console
from vex_shell.utils.config import SettingsTYPE_CHECKING evaluates to False during runtime, ensuring these imports are used strictly for static type checking during development. This yields zero resource overhead during execution.
Function-Scoped Imports
Usually we just import most of modules at the top of .py file, but in this case we transfer all imports to application start time. Which isn't always a good choice. Alternatively we can use on-demand imports, thus import module during function call. Of course it will slow down function call time, but we can achieve shorter start time, moving delays to runtime, and it's also worth noting that any imports loaded only on the first call, after modules are already in cache.
def build_graph(settings: Settings, tools:List[BaseTool]) -> StateGraph:
# On demand importing for heavy modules, only when function CALLED
from langgraph.graph.state import StateGraph
from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode
from .nodes import llm_call_node, verification_node, should_continue, should_verify
from .state import State
tool_names = [e.name for e in tools]
graph = StateGraph(State)
# LLM Nodes
graph.add_node(
"llm_call", partial(llm_call_node, settings=settings, tool_names=tool_names)
)
graph.add_node("tool_node", ToolNode(tools))
graph.add_node("verification_node", partial(verification_node, settings=settings))
# ...Fun to note
In nodes.py I used from langgraph.graph.state import END
only for END constant, but it leads to a whole module import which consumes 1.36s. By just replacing this import with END = "__end__" I saved this time.
Approximate results
- MCPManager - imported only if defined in CONFIG.toml, saves 1 second.
- Move all annotation-only imports into a TYPE_CHECKINGguard.
- Move all heavy imports inside functions (ChatOpenAI,langchain.messages,etc)
Timings
- Utility functions - -ls/--help/--reset~400ms
- Main app start time (without MCP tools) ~2.1 seconds
- Main app start time (with MCP tools) ~2.7 seconds
Tuna diagrams here
P.S.
VEX shell source code: https://codeberg.org/Enji/vex
Thanks for reading, Bye ₍^. .^₎⟆